主语从句

　　一、主语从句的基本用法。

　　引导主语从句的关联词有：who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, that, whether, when, where, how, why等。如：

　　【例1】 Who will go makes no difference. 谁去都一样。

　　【例2】 What caused the accident was a broken bottle. 导致这起事故的是一只破瓶子。

　　【例3】 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. 无论谁违反这条规定都要受到惩罚。

　　【例4】 That the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder. 那个伤员还活着是个奇迹。

　　【例5】 Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much. 她来不来没有多大关系。

　　【例6】 When your uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter. 你叔叔什么时候来信中没有提到。

　　【例7】 Where the painter is from is unknown to us all. 这位画家是哪里人我们都不知道。

　　二、使用主语从句时需注意以下三点。

　　1. 有时主语从句较长，为使句意一目了然及避免头重脚轻现象，常用形式主语it来引导句子。如：

　　【例8】It is not certain when chess-playing began to become a sport. 什么时候棋类成为一种体育运动还不清楚。(主语从句when chess-playing began to become a sport作为真正主语，而it作为形式主语。)

　　所以【例4】句可以改写为：It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive.

　　2. 主语从句如不缺任何成分，则用关联词that来引导该主语从句。如：

　　【例9】 That he had met a kind librarian in the city library gave us no surprise. 他在市图书馆里遇到一位热心的管理员并未使我们吃惊。

　　3. 主语从句不能用if引导，因此whether不能用if替换。如：

　　【例10】 Whether patients join the fight against the diseases is important in curing the diseases.病人是否能与疾病作斗争在治愈中是很重要的。

　　所以【例5】Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.中引导主语从句的关联词whether不能与if互换。

　　【跟踪练习】

　　1. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

　　A. What B. That

　　C. The fact D. The matter

　　2. _______ the sports meeting will be held depends on the weather.

　　A. Whenever B. If

　　C. Whether D. That

　　3. _______ they will start has not been decided yet.

　　A. When B. Whatever

　　C. Whom D. Which

　　4. _______ city we will visit first is being discussed.

　　A. Where B. When

　　C. Which D. How

　　5. _______ you did it is not known to all.

　　A. Who B. What

　　C. How D. Which

　　[Answers] 1-5 ACACC