定义:为避免重复,省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象叫省略。一般说来,句子的省略都发生在句子的主要成分上,即发生在主语、谓语、宾语上。
1. 省略主语
(1)在祈使句中省略主语,如:(You) Come here.
(2)在表达对某事物的看法时,有时也把主语省略,如:
(It) Sounds like a good idea.
(I) Have no idea.
2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
(1)在并列句中省略重复的部分,如:
He repaired the computer and I (repaired) the loudspeaker.
Mary learns French and John (learns) German.
(2) 当并列句或从句中有助动词时,可以省略相同的动词,如:
She might sing, but I don’t think she will (sing).
(3) 在there be句型中省略there be,如:
(Is there) Anything I can do for you?
3. 省略宾语
作为宾语的单词或从句有时都可以省略,如:
He wrote down the new words and I wrote down (the new words), too.
— Is our teacher in the office?
— Sorry, I don’t know (whether he is or not ).
4. 主语和谓语一起省略
(You come) This way please.
— What do you want to eat?
— (I want) Some rice and vegetables.
5. 不定式符号to后面的动词可以省略
(1) 在回答话语中,如:
— Would you like to come to the party?
— I’d love to (come to the party).
(2) 在状语从句中,如:
You can go with us to the concert if you want to.
(这里特别要注意动词可以省略,但是不定式符号to不可以省略。)
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