The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation. 我们觉得只有我们大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究。(《新概念》第四册,第44课 《Patterns of culture》)(注:the inner workings of our own brains是feel的宾语。)
Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colors with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls.俄罗斯最近报道了几个事例:有人能用手指看书识字和辨认颜色,甚至能透过厚实的门和墙看到东西。(《新概念》第四册,第4课 《Seeing hands》)(注:who ……walls充当several cases 的同位语从句,因为太长,所以把谓语前置。)
难句三:
Whether it be bird, fish or beast, the porpoise is intrigued with anything that is alive.
海豚对凡是活的东西都感兴趣,不管是鸟,是鱼还是野兽。
——《新概念》第四册,第18课《Porpoises》
评析 该句的难点在于对whether引导让步状语从句的虚拟语气的理解。在正式或高雅语体中,让步状语从句有时也会采用虚拟语气,即不管任何人称时态,一律使用动词原形(所以该结构严格意义上也属于be-式虚拟语气的一种),引导让步状语从句的结构有:whether;though;whatever
例如:
1) Though he be the Headmaster himself, he shall agree to our plan. 即便他是校长本人,也必须服从我们的计划。
2) Though everyone desert you, I will not. 即使每个人都抛弃了你,我也绝对不会。
3) After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. 因为一切生物都是靠吃别的东西来活命的,不管这种东西是植物还是动物,死的还是活的,因此,生物偶尔才能避免被吃掉的命运。(《新概念》第四册,第26课 《The past life of the earth》)
4) Whether he succeed or fail, it will not matter to me.无论他是成功还是失败,都与我无关。
5) Whatever be the motives, we cannot forgive such behaviors.无论他这样做的动机是什么,我们不能原谅这样的行为。
拓展 虚拟语气是语言中的常见现象,诸如suggest, if, wish等结构中的虚拟语气对于学生来讲已不再具有杀伤力,然而新概念课本中的有些虚拟语气结构的巧妙运用却值得学生反复咀嚼:
1.含蓄虚拟语气。
所谓含蓄虚拟语气,就是有时句子里不出现明显的假设条件从句,但假想的条件隐含在上下文逻辑关系中,或通过一些语法手段得以体现,这种情况就称为含蓄虚拟语气。常用语法手段如下:but for / but that 要不是因为;without若没有;except for若没有;with 若带有;or (else)/ otherwise否则;but但是;in the absence of 在没有……的情况下;under the circumstances of 在……的情况下……
例如:
Without it we could not make a living. 要是没有它(这条河),我们就无法生存。(《新概念》第三册,第56课 《Our neighbor, the river》)
该句的意思等同于: If it were not for the river, we could not make a living.
= But for the river, we could not make a living.
= Except for the river, we could not make a living.
= In the absence of the river, we could not make a living.
2.as it were 表示虚拟
该短语中were就是虚拟语气,通常解释为“可以这么说/姑且这么说”,句中其他动词不需要根据虚拟语气作改变。
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