Lesson 8 A famous monastery
著名的修道院
一、【Text】课文

The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 247o metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy,for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars, As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to –30○　and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too,for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆monastery n. 寺院，修道院
◆St. Bernard  圣伯纳德
◆pass n. 关隘
◆watchdog n. 看门狗
◆rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地
◆enclosure n. 围场，圈地
◆monk n. 和尚，僧侣
◆privacy n. 清静，隐居
◆skier n. 滑雪者
◆Easter n. 复活节

★monastery n. 寺院，修道院
abbot:修道院院长
convent  nun:修女
abbess:女修道院院长

★St. Bernard  圣伯纳德
★pass n. 关隘
★watchdog n. 看门狗
★rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地
boldly adv.

★enclosure n. 围场，圈地

★monk n. 和尚，僧侣
★privacy n. 清静，隐居

★skier n. 滑雪者
★Easter n. 复活节
at Easter, at Christmas, at Thanksgiving

三、【课文精析】

connects / Join Switzerland to Italy / link Switzerland with Italy
connect … with:把…与某事联系在一起
I can’t connect the picture with my friend Mary.
Are you connected with the government?
be connected with 与…有联系
at 2,473 metres:介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态
At the age of 25, he is able.
At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别
非限制性定语从句是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释，去掉对主句影响不大
限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分
Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.
Mr Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.
There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.
There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn’t know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which
He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
指代时间when, 地点where
He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as therr weeks.
found建立  set up establish

live----lives
which指代friend dogs
The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship.

Now that：既然
用做时间连接词时，后面通常跟完成式
Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限。
Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
Now that you are grown-up, you must stop the children behave.

whenever, whoever, whatever wherever, whichever , however
no matter when / who / what / where / which / how
You can telephone me whenever you like.
Whichever day you come, we’ll be pleased to see you.

Whenever you go, I’ll follow you.
However busy you are, you nust spare some time to study English.

Despite介词——in spite of

rashly 莽撞的  attempt to do sth. -----try to do sth.
there + be
There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.

in cars ---by car
about 到处，周围
Don’t litter waste paper about.
look about, go about, run about, wander about

keep：使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语、形容词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配连用，表示一种状态
keep him out, keep him in
Do keep the cat in the room.
表示逻辑的主谓关系——现在分词 I’m sorry to keep you wating.
表示逻辑的动宾关系——过去分词 The lamb was kept tight to a tree.

quite the opposite 恰恰相反

prefer sth. to sth.
I prefer reading to doing nothing.