说明文写作要点

说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、框架、用途或科技思想的一种文体。其说明的object没去外国疑问是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等；也没去外国疑问是抽象的，如概念定律等。
说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有确定的套路可循，因此否则十分复杂。说明科技方面的CONTENT日常定义法、较量对比法、分类法、因果法等；说明自然环境方面的CONTENT日常时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着object的不相同，具体因该采用的办法也会有所不相同。

4．由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到么有生气。因此，没去外国疑问适当实际运用一部份比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来渐增文书的色彩。

下面是一篇说明一所诊所布局的文书。文书虽短，但需求说明的CONTENT却达11处之多。平均一种表达就要描写一处，假如组织得不好，便会给人凌乱的感觉。

为了避免这一点，文书把整个布局图分三部份来写：

贯彻诊所的是main road
NO·1部份以大门为参照物，介绍了靠大门且经过main road物品相对的急诊楼和门诊楼。
第二部份以湖为参照物，中心线还得main road，介绍更多有联系分诊楼、实验室、放射室等。
第三部份写main road尽头的建筑物。

那样，繁多的细节显得井井有条。因此，挑选好主线及参照物是决定文书胜利的关键。
Directions：For the part，you are not allowed 30 minutes to record a composition about"THE LAYOUT OF A HOSPITAL"．Locate some importance departments in the hospital based on the information given under．Your composition have to be no less than 120 phrases．

（1）the Emergency Department
（2）the Out-patient Department
（3）the Surgery Department
（4）the Dispensary
（5）the Physician Department
（6）the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department
（7）the Dental Department
（8）the Laboratory
（9）the X-ray Department
（10）the Administrative Building
（11）the Ward

Sample：
The Layout of a Hospital
Near the gate，on the westside of the road is the Emergency Department． Opposite the Emergency Department through the Main Road is the Out-patient Department．
The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary，which expression the Surgery Department lying on the otIT side of the road．Along the west wall，from south to north，stand Number 3 buildings：the Physician Department， the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department，and the Dental Department． The Laboratory is to the northwest of the round about，and beside the Laboratory，the X-ray Department is located on the alike side of the road．
A winding road by the lake leads to the Ward．Near the end of the Main Road，the Administrative Building is situated on the east side．The hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out．