状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。
1.时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。)
2.地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去!) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。)
3.原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。)
4.目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that... 等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。)
5.结果状语从句通常由 so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。)
6.比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多)
7.让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
8.条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder. (即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn’ t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。)
[注意] 1、because与so;(al)though与but;if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。
2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。
【典型题例析】
1. Don’t worry. I’ll tell Mr Green ______ he comes back.
(2005年南宁市课改)
A. when B. how
C. why D. where
分析与解答：选A。when引导时间状语从句，与题干的前后文意思一致，而其他三项构成的从句不符合句意。
2. If ______ a good film tonight, I’ll go to see it.(2005年广西贺州市)
A. it will be B. there will be
C. it is D. there is
分析与解答：选D。根据前后文判断，if引导的是条件状语从句，要用一般现在时表示将来时。根据句意这里应选用there be结构，表示“……
有……”。
3. — Why hasn’t Mr Li come to work today?
— ______ he has gone to Bei?鄄jing to have a meeting.
(2005年陕西省课改区)
A. If B. Because
C. Though D. Until
分析与解答：选B。对话的第一句问的是原因，回答why问句用be?鄄cause引导的句子。
4. Ask your friend to call me
back as soon as she ______ back tomorrow. (2005年重庆市)
A. will come B. comes
C. coming
分析与解答：选B。as soon as引导的时间状语从句要用一般时态表示将来。
5. — Can you guess who will be the first to cross the finish line?
— Sandy. Jane didn’t run so fast ______ she did last time.
(2005年南通市)
A. than B. so
C. that D. as
分析与解答：选D。so...as...多用于同级比较的否定句中，根据对话内容和句法结构，应选用表示副词同级比较意义的句式。
6. The Huancheng Park of Heze is ______ beautiful a place that ______ many people come to visit it every day. (2005年山东菏泽市)
A. so; such B. such; so
C. such; such D. so; so.
分析与解答：选D。第一空是“so + 形容词 + a + 可数名词单数 + that从句”句型，表示结果;第二空是“so + many + 名词”结构，此处的so不可用such。
7. My brother ______ with his
friends tomorrow if it ______.
(2004年桂林市)
A. is going to hike; won’t rain
B. is going hiking; doesn’t rain
C. will go hiking; won’t rain
D. goes hiking; doesn’t rain
分析与解答：选B。本题注意两点，一是由于主句有将来时态状语，要用表示将来的谓语动词;二是从句虽也表示将来，但if 引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来时，所以A、C选项要排除。D选项不是谓语形式，B符合句法要求。
8. ─ I won’t have a trip to Mount Huang unless my best friend Amy _____, too. (2004年青岛市)
A. will invite B. invited
C. is invited
D. will be invited
分析与解答：选C。unless意为“除非、如果不”引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来时， invite为及物动词，用于主动语态时后面要有宾语，该句没有宾语，所以要用被动语态形式。
9. I won’t believe that little Bob can run 100 meters in 15 seconds ____ I see it with my own eyes.
(2004黑龙江)
A. until B. after
C. when D. if
分析与解答：选A。根据句意“我只有亲眼看见才会相信小鲍勃能在15秒跑100米”， until与not连用是“直到……才……”的意思，符合句意。
10. The mountain was ______
steep _____ few people in our city reached the top. (2004年吉林省)
A. so ... as B. so ... that
C. as ... as D. too ... to
分析与解答：选B。用so .. .that ...从句表示结果：山太陡，因此很少有人登上去。
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