及物动词

一.及物动词

　　及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于："主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如：

　　He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

　　Please hand me the book over there.

　　They asked me to go fishing with them.

　　类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....

　　二.不及物的动词。

　　不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于："主+谓"结构。

　　This is the room where I once lived.

　　类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....

　　三. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词.其意义不变。

　　如begin 都是作"开始"讲。如：

　　everybody , our game begins = let us begin our game.

　　类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....

　　四.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。

　　这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。如： He lifted his glass and drank.

　　类似的还有：beat　 vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;　 　 grow vi.生长 vt.　种植

　　play 　vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅

　　ring　 vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话　　 speak vi.讲话　 vt. 说(语言)

　　hang　 vi. 悬挂 vt.　绞死　　　 operate 　vi.动手术　 vt. 操作