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  • 动词的限定形式和非限定形式(时态)

    作者:ihome 时间: 2010-08-15 22:42 来源:未知 点击:

     动词的限定形式和非限定形式

    时态

        1英语中不同时间发生的动作或情况要用不同的形式表示,称为时态。英语中共有十六种时态,它们是:

    一般现在时

    现在进行时

    现在完成时

    现在完成进行时

    一般过去时

    过去进行时

    过去完成时

    过去完成进行时

    一般将来时

    将来进行时

    将来完成时

    将来完成进行时

    一般过去将来时

    过去将来进行时

    过去将来完成时

    过去将来完成进行时

       2名种时态的构成方法大致可归纳如下:

       a一般现在时用现在式(动词原型),但在第三人称单数的主语后要加-s 词尾;

       b一般过去时用动词的过去式,不分人称,但动词be有两个过去式:was 用于第一、三人称单数,其他情况用were

       c一般将来时,一般由“will+动词原形”构成,但在有第一人称主语的问句中用“shall+动词原形”这种形式:

          I’ll do it.

          Shall I do it?

          Will you do it?

       d一般过去将来时用“would+动词原形”构成:

          She hoped the weather would be favourable.

       e各种进行时态都由“be+现在分词”构成,时间由be表现出来:

          I am (You are/He is/They are) studying.

          She was playing the piano. They were playing football.

          I (We/She) will be watching TV tonight.

          I thought you would be waiting for us.

    f各种完成时态都由“have+过去分词”构成,时间由be表现出来:

      She has (I have) written a novel.

      He said he had written a novel.

      They will have finished the work by tomorrow.
          He said he would have finished the work by tomorrow.

       g各种完成进行时态都由“have been +现在分词”构成,时间、人称由have表现出来:

          I have (She has ) been waiting for you.

          She said she had been waiting for you.

          I will have been waiting for tow hours by 9 o’clock.

          She told me she would have been teaching for 20 years by this summer.

       3各种时态形式可归纳成下表:

     

    一般时态

    进行时态

    完成时态

    完成进行时态

    现在

    write

    writes

    am

    are

    is

     

    writing

     

    have

     

    written

    have

     

    been writing

    has

    has

    过去

    wrote

    was

     

    writing

    had written

    had been writing

    were

    将来

    will write

    (shall write)

    will be writing

    will have written

    will have been writing

    过去将来

    would write

    would be writing

    would have writeen

    Would have been writing

    这些时态并不是同样活跃的,最基础的是以下五种时态(这是初学都得学的):

        一般现在时   现在进行时    一般过去时    一般将来时    现在完成时

    其次是以下五种时态,用得也比较多:

       过去进行时  过去完成时   现在完成进行时   过去完成进行时  将来进行时

    4否定式的构成:

    否定式通常由系动词benot,助动词+not和情太动词+not构成:

    主语

    be,助动词或情态动词+not

    其他部分

    She

    is not (was not)

    in Paris now (then).

    She

    is not (was not) working

    at the moment.

    She

    does (did) not know

    English.

    She

    has not done

    her exercises.

    She

    will not stay

    here long.

    She

    cannot run

    very fast.

    She

    may not like

    the idea.

    You

    mustn’t (needn’t/doesn’t have to)leave

    so soon.

       5疑问式的构成:

       一般问句和特殊问句通常都用下面方式构成:

    疑问词

    动词be,助动词或情态动词

    主语

    其他部分

     

     

     

     

     

    Where

    How

    What time

    How long

    Where

    Are (Is)

    Where (Was)

    Does (Did)

    Is (Was)

    Has (Have)

    are (is)

    are (is)

    did

    has

    can (must)

    you (he)

    you (he)

    he

    she

    he (you)

    you (he)

    they (she)

    you

    she

    I

    an Canadian?

    there then?

    know you (then)?

    waiting ?

    got my letter?

    from?

    doing?

    arrive?

    been teaching here?

    put it?

       在学习时态时要注意各类形式,只有熟练掌握这些形式,才能顺利交谈。

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