一、不定式的一般形式、完成形式和进行形式
不定式的各种形式是相对句子谓语动词而言的，体现 “不定式表示的动作或状态和句子谓语动词表示的动作或状态在时间上的先后关系”。
1. 一般形式(to do)：不定式表示的动作或状态在句子谓语动词表示的动作或状态之后发生。如：
I went there to see what was happening. 我去那儿看发生了什么事情。
2. 完成形式(to have done)：不定式表示的动作或状态在句子谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前发生。如：
He is said to have seen the lost child playing near a river.
据说他曾看见丢失的孩子在河边玩耍。
3. 进行形式(to be doing)：不定式表示的动作在句子谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生或正在进行。如：
Tom pretended to be doing the exercises when the teacher came in.
当老师进来时，汤姆假装在做练习。
二、 不定式的被动形式
不定式的被动形式是相对它的逻辑主语而言的，体现 “不定式和它的逻辑主语之间的关系”。
1. 一般被动形式(to be done) ：不定式的逻辑主语在句子谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生后将要承受不定式表示的动作。如：
Many graduates want to be sent toTibet. 许多研究生想被派到西藏。
2. 完成被动形式(to have been done)：不定式的逻辑主语在句子谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生前已经承受了不定式表示的动作。如：
He regretted not to have been invited to the party. 他因没有被邀请参加聚会而遗憾。
三、在哪些情况下可用不定式的主动形式代替被动形式
1. 动词不定式作定语，被修饰的名词表示的人或物虽然承受不定式动词表示的动作，但句子中有其它的人或物能够执行不定式动词表示的动作，此时不定式用主动形式。如：
I can’t go out today. I have some letters to type. 今天我不能出去。我有一些信件要打印。
注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的名词表示的人或物承受不定式动词表示的动作，但句子中没有其它的人或物能够执行不定式动词表示的动作，此时不定式用被动形式。如：
I can’t go out today. The boss has some letters to be typed.
今天我不能出去。老板有一些信件要打印。
2. 在 “主语 + be + 形容词+不定式”句型中, 如果主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语, 应用主动形式表示被动含义。常见的此类形容词有amusing, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice, pleasant, fit等。如：
This poem is easy to recite. 这首诗容易背。
3. let和blame等词一般用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The house is to let. 此房出租。
Mary will be to blame. 玛丽将会受到责备。
四、在句型“It is + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.”中for和of的选用
在句型 “It is + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.”中，用 for sb.还是用 of sb.，取决于形容词的特性：
1. 当形容词表示 “做某事怎么样”时，用 for sb.。这样的形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, necessary, possible等。如：
It’s hard for me to finish the exercises tonight. 我今天晚上完成这些练习有困难。
2. 当形容词表示 “某人怎么样”时，用of sb.。这样的形容词有brave，careful, clever, cruel, foolish, good,honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise等。如：
It is wise of you to go and persuade her. 你去说服她是明智的。
[练习]
1. The director had her assistant ______ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国卷II)
A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up
2. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (2007辽宁卷)
A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break
3. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday. (2006山东卷)
A. have been missing B. have got lost
C. be missing D. get lost
4. The message is very important, so it is supposed _____ as soon as possible. (2008陕西卷)
A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending
5. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appeared _______ everything. (2001上海卷)
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
6. I like getting up early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.(2008全国卷I)
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
7. I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child. (2002上海卷)
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
8. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (2006 山东卷)
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
9. Please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2007山东卷)
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
Key: 1-5 CCAAD 6-9 BACD
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