新概念英语第三册语法精粹(五):代替与省略

英语中，为了避免不必要的重复，经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。

　　如：He translated the article better than I did. (did代替wrote it)

　　— Doyou think she isclever?

　　— I think so. (so代替 she is clever)

　　(1) 从上两例中看出，do / does / did 代替动词。

　　(2) "so 与 not" 代替某个词、短语、句子等，通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。

　　E.g. — Is it correct?

　　— I'm afraid not. (not correct)

　　(3) "to" 用作不定式，常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc.

　　E.g. I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party)

　　(4) "do so, do that, do it" 用来代替动态动词，而不能代静态动词。

　　Eg. — He gave up studying English.

　　— Why did he do so? (= give up studying English)

　　— The dish tastes nice.

　　— Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)

　　(此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词。)

　　(5) 为使语言精炼，避免不必要的重复，对话中常用省略形式。

　　E.g. — He is thinking of buying a car?

　　— Is he?(这里，“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。)

　　— Will he come back in time?

　　— Perhaps.(省略了he will come back in time.)