Before是连接词，引导时间状语从句。 -- Before?he?returned?home...
before?引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。
8... C "half as much as it used to be"
the?amount?要用定语从句进行限定
当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，used?to之后的动词必须省略掉
当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，used?to之后必须带有系动词be.
-- I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.
-- I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.
9... D
gain：获利, 赢得（表示通过努力）
-- gain time, gain reputation, gain speed, gain height
fee：（为专业服务支付的）费用
-- doctor‘s?fees 医疗费 / the?lawyer‘s?fees 律师费
-- pay for my university fees 支付我的大学学费
payment：（商业、信贷）支付的款项（非常正式）
wages：（体力劳动者的）工资
salary：（白领的）薪水
10... B companion n.同伴, 共事者 comrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴
11... C "well worth the loss of money"
pay?back 偿还, 报复
reward 酬劳
value 价值
compensate v.偿还, 补偿
compensate?for赔偿 = make?up?for弥补
-- His intelligence more than compensate?for his lack of experience.
12... A call = addressed as被称为
name命名 / cry?out喊叫 / shout v.呼喊, 呼叫
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