在第1课的语法中,我们学习了简单陈述句的语序,它一般为:主语+动词+宾语(可有可无)+状语(可有可无,分为方式、地点和时间状语,位置相对比较灵活)。通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。在并列句中,各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列,但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。我们经常把并列句中的各分句看成是并列主句。常用的并列连词有:and, and then, but, so, yet,or, both…and,either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also/but…as well等。这些并列连词可以用来表示另加(and)、对比(but,yet)、选择(or)、连续(and then)以及结局或结果(so)。并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序
and前面一般不加逗号,但其他连词前则一般要加逗号:
Jim speaks Spanish, but his wife speaks French.吉姆讲西班牙语,而他妻子却讲法语。
I've got a cold, so I'm going to bed.
我得了感冒,所以我要去睡觉。
当并列连词连接的成分相同时,通常不再重复:
He either speaks French or understands it.
他或是会讲法语,或是懂法语。(主语相同,省略)
Either you or I can eat the apple.
这个苹果或者是你吃,或者是我吃。(谓语相同,省略)
Both Mary and Jane understands English.
玛丽和简都懂英语。
当 both…and, either…or和neither…nor连接主语时,谓语动词与后一个主语保持一致:
Neither Liz nor I teach mathematics.
莉兹和我都不教数学。(第2个主语为I,所以teach后不加-es)
词汇学习 Word study
1.wonder
(1)vt.,vi.感到惊奇,感到诧异:
They wondered that there was a modern building in that district.
那个地方居然有一座现代化建筑,他们感到很惊奇。
He wondered at the beauty of the old town.
这座古老小镇的漂亮令他惊奇不已。
(2)vt.,vi.(对……)感到迷惑/怀疑,想知道:I wonder/I'm wondering if we've made a mistake.我怀疑我们是否犯了个错误。
I wonder what will happen next.
我很想知道下一步会发生什么事。
Will he come to dinner? I wonder.
他会来吃饭吗?我怀疑。
(3)n.奇迹,奇观,奇才;惊异,惊奇:
Jane is a wonder. She never fails in her examinations.
简是个奇才。她从来没有考试不及格过。
She looked at the boss in wonder.
她惊奇地看着老板。
the seven wonders of the world in ancient times世界古代7大奇观
2.each other
从原则上讲,这个短语指两个人“互相”:
You and I must try to help each other.
你我两个人必须尽力互相帮助。
有时,这个短语也可以用来指许多人之间“互相”:
We must all help each other.
我们大家都必须互相帮助。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.要害句型练习答案
A and(1.1); so(1.2); not only…but…as well(11.2-3);and(1.5);but(1.5);neither…nor(1.6);but(1.7);and (1.8);and(1.8);and(1.9);but(1.10)
C 1 I knocked at the door but he did not open it.
2 Both he and I went on holiday.
3 He must be either mad or very wise.
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