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Tom always knocks before entering a room.
汤姆在走进一个房间前总要敲门。
He apologized for not writing to you.
他为没给你写信而表示道歉。
动名词也可以用表示完成时的 having +过去分词结构：
You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.
在没有付账之前你不能离开饭店。
词汇学习 Word study
1．catch vt.
（1）捉住，逮住，捕捉：
The police have caught the thief.
警察已逮住那个小偷。
Have you caught any fish today?
你今天钓到鱼了吗？
（2）抓住，握住：
Tom caught the thief by the arm.
汤姆抓住小偷的胳膊。
Can you catch the ball?
你能接住球吗？
（3）及时赶到，赶上：
I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.
我想赶8点19分的火车去伦敦。
2．realize vt.
（1）实现（希望、目标、愿望等）：
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
她实现了自己当一名演员的愿望。
（2）使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态）：
This plan can never be realized.
这个计划永远不可能变成事实。
（3）熟悉，知道，明白，意识到：
I went into the wrong room without realizing it.
我无意中走错了房间。
I hope you realize that you've made a big mistake.
我希望你明白你已经犯了个大错误。
realize 和understand表示这个意思时有时可以互换，有时则不可以。在上面的例句中，第1句不可用 understand，第2句则可以。又如：
I an did not understand English.
伊恩不懂英语。（不可用 realize）
3．interested与interesting
大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。常见的以-ed和-ing结尾的成对的形容词有 excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, interested/ interesting等。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用，表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等；以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用，表明事物的某种特征、性质等：
This story is exciting.
这故事激动人心。
I am excited by the story.
我因这故事而兴奋。
It was an exciting finish.
（比赛的）结尾激动人心。
Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.
萨莉非常激动，因为她从未乘过火车。
The play was very interesting.
戏很有意思。
Are you interested in plays?
你对戏剧有爱好吗？
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．要害句型练习答案
A Fishing(1.1); catching(11.1-2); catching(1. 3); having spent(1.5); fishing(1.6); fishing… sitting(1.8); doing (1.9)
C 1 he went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2 She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
3 She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4 After hearing/having heard the news, she fainted.
5 Think carefully before answering my question.
6 On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.
2．难点练习答案
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